顏色會影響食慾嗎?

前陣子,

雪碧將放棄綠瓶

文中有小夥伴提出想看“顏色與食慾”的文章,今天沒什麼瓜我們就一起來看看。

顏色會影響食慾嗎?

Dieting? How Colors Impact Food Appeal and Appetite

Psychology Today

July 8, 2019

When Counting Calories, Colors Matter

當計算卡路里時,顏色很重要

Have you ever suddenly developed an

appetite

from a passing

glance

at a

freew

ay billboard

featuring a brightly colored cheeseburger, or decided to step into a candy or ice cream store displaying a window full of

vibra

nt shades

and

hues

of sweet treats? If so, you are

in good company

。 Unless we are medically restricted or diligently dieting, we are not likely to

abstain

from

appetizing fare

simply because we recognize the lack of nutritional value。

你是否曾經在高速公路上匆匆掃了一眼色彩鮮豔的芝士漢堡廣告牌,突然產生了食慾,或者決定走進一家櫥窗裡擺滿了顏色鮮豔的甜食的糖果店或冰淇淋店?如果是這樣,那麼你並不孤單(很多人和你一樣)。除非我們受到醫學限制或努力減肥,否則我們不太可能僅僅因為認識到缺乏營養價值而放棄開胃的食物。

appetite表示“

appetite /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ 1)食慾;”,英文解釋為“

胃口

physical desire for food

舉個:

He suffered from headaches and loss of appetite。

他頭痛且食慾不振。

2)表示“

烈慾望

”,英文解釋為“

a strong desire for sth

舉個:

The public

have an insatiable appetite for

scandal。

公眾對醜事總是喜聞樂道。

glance

可以作名詞,也可以作動詞,表示“

一瞥,看一眼

”,英文解釋為“

to quickly look at someone or something

舉個:

She

took/cast a glance

at her watch。

她看了一下手錶。

The man

glanced

nervously at his watch。

那人緊張地看了一眼手錶。

freeway

表示“高速公路”,英文解釋為“a wide road for fast-moving traffic, especially in the US, with a limited number of places at which drivers can enter and leave it”如:the Santa Monica freeway 聖塔莫妮卡高速公路。

billboard

表示“

(尤指路旁的)大型廣告牌

”,英文解釋為“a very large board on which advertisements are shown, especially at the side of a road”。

vibrant

1)表示“

活躍的;

精力充沛的;

熱情洋溢的

”,英文解釋為“

energetic, exciting, and full of enthusiasm

”如:

a vibrant young performer 充滿朝氣的年輕演員。

2)表示“

(色彩)鮮豔的;(光線)明亮的

”,英文解釋為“

Vibrant colour or light is bright and strong。

舉個:

He always uses

vibrant colours

in his paintings。

他在畫中經常運用鮮豔的色彩。

shade

熟詞僻義,通常用法a xx shade (of sth),表示“

濃淡深淺;

色度;色調

”,英文解釋為“

a particular form of a colour,

that is, how dark or light it is

”如:an unusual shade of yellow/an unusual yellow shade 少見的黃色,a delicate/pale shade of red 淡/淺的紅色

a rich/soft shade of red

豔/

柔和的紅色。

hue

表示“

顏色;色度;色調

”,英文解釋為“

a colour; a particular shade of a colour

舉個:

His face took on an unhealthy whitish

hue

他的臉上透出一絲病態的蒼白。

電影《惡老闆2》(Horrible Bosses 2)中的臺詞提到:就因為我的膚色 我就知道從哪兒拿到。。。?Because of

the hue of my skin

I know where to get 。。。?

顏色會影響食慾嗎?

be in good company

表示“(有同樣問題的)大有人在”,英文解釋為“to have the same problem as many other people”舉個:

“I can‘t play tennis - I’m hopeless at it!” “Oh well, you‘re in good company。”

“我不會打網球——我對網球一竅不通!”“噢,是嗎,像你這樣的大有人在。”

abstain

abstain /æbˈsteɪn/ 1)表示“節制;戒絕(尤指不好的享樂)”,英文解釋為“to not do something, especially something enjoyable that you think might be bad”舉個:

He took a vow to

abstain

from alcohol/smoking。

他發誓戒酒/戒菸。

2)表示“棄權”,英文解釋為“to decide not to use your vote”舉個:

30 members voted in favour, 2 opposed, and 1 abstained。

30名成員投票贊成,2票反對,1票棄權。

電影《

靈通人士

》(In the Loop)中的臺詞提到:That he needs the Chinese to at least abstain on the security council。 他需要中國至少在安理會上棄權。

顏色會影響食慾嗎?

appetizing

appetizing /ˈæp。ə。taɪ。zɪŋ/表示“開胃的;刺激食慾的”,英文解釋為“Appetizing food or smells make you want to eat。”如:appetizing smells from the kitchen 廚房飄來的令人垂涎的香味。

fare

熟詞僻義

,表示“常見的東西;供大眾使用的東西(尤指娛樂活動)”,英文解釋為“material provided for use, consumption, or enjoyment”。

表示“(餐館的)飯菜,食品,食物”,英文解釋為“the type of food that is served in a restaurant”

「經濟學人」Home comforts

文中提到,fare作動詞,表示“進展;成功;遭遇”,直白地解釋就是,xxx做得好/做得不好,表現得好/表現不好,後面可接well或者是badly(文中為比較級),英文解釋為“If you say that someone or something

fares well or badly

, you are referring to the degree of success they achieve in a particular situation or activity。”

舉個:

How did you

fare

in your exams?

你考得怎麼樣?

電影《總統殺局》(The Ides of March)中的臺詞提到:And you wouldn’t fare too well in federal prison。你在聯邦監獄也不會好過。

顏色會影響食慾嗎?

Beverages

are showcased in the same fashion。 As evidenced by

the neon,

tropical

blue

concoction

prominently featured on the cover of the cocktail menu, bright colors are appealing and appetizing。

Drab

hues are not。 When was the last time you got excited about a food that was grey? You probably eat oatmeal because you know it is good for you; not because you find it visually appealing。

飲料也以同樣的方式展示。雞尾酒選單封面上醒目的霓虹熱帶藍色雞尾酒就證明了這一點,鮮豔的顏色既吸引人又開胃。單調的色彩則不然。你上一次對灰色的食物感到興奮是什麼時候?你吃燕麥片可能是因為你知道它對你有好處,而不是因為你覺得它在視覺上有吸引力。

beverage

表示“飲料”,英文解釋為“Beverages are drinks。”如:alcoholic beverages 含酒精的飲料。

tropical

表示“

熱帶的;

來自熱帶的;

產於熱帶的

”,英文解釋為“coming from, found in or typical of the tropics”如:tropical fish 熱帶魚

concoction

concoction /kənˈkɒk。ʃən/ 表示“

(古怪或少見的)混合物,調合物,調配品(尤指飲料或藥物)

”,英文解釋為“a strange or unusual mixture of things, especially drinks or medicines”如:a concoction of cream and rum 奶油和朗姆酒調製的怪味飲料。

顏色會影響食慾嗎?

drab

drab /dræb/ 1)

表示“(色彩)暗淡的,暗沉的”,英文解釋為“not bright in colour, especially in a way that stops you from feeling cheerful”

舉個:

The walls were painted a drab green。

牆刷成了暗綠色。

2)表示“乏味的,單調的”,英文解釋為“boring”如:

people forced to

live grey, drab existences

in ugly towns

被迫在醜陋的城市裡過著平淡乏味生活的人。

3)in dribs and drabs表示“少量地,零星地”,英文解釋為“in small irregular amounts or numbers over a period of time”舉個:

The guests arrived in dribs and drabs。

客人們三三兩兩地到來。

Research

corroborates

the fact that when it comes to taste and sensation, colors matter。

Devina Wadhera

and

Elizabeth D. Capaldi-Phillips

in “A Review of Visual

Cues

Associated with Food” (2014) demonstrate how visual cues impacts eating behavior。[i]

研究證實了這樣一個事實,即當涉及到味覺和感覺時,顏色很重要。德維娜·瓦德赫拉(Devina Wadhera)和伊麗莎白·卡帕爾迪-菲利普斯(Elizabeth D。 Capaldi-Phillips)在“與食物相關的視覺訊號評論”(2014)中展示了視覺訊號如何影響飲食行為。[i]

corroborate

corroborate /kəˈrɒb。ə。reɪt/ 表示“

證實,確證

”,英文解釋為“

to add proof to an account, statement, idea, etc。 with new informatio

n

舉個:

Recent research seems to

corroborate

his theory。

最新研究似乎證實了他的理論。

cue

表示“線索,暗示;訊號”,英文解釋為“a signal for someone to do something”舉個:

They started washing up, so that was our

cue

to leave the party。

他們開始洗刷碗碟了,這就是暗示我們該離開聚會了。

They recognize the impact of sensory cues on food consumption and enjoyment, and the potential they have to promote healthy eating behavior in both children and adults。 In addition to taste, cues include

odor

texture

, flavor, and appearance—which is the initial food cue because our eyes provide our first contact with potential edibles。

他們指出了感官訊號對食物消耗和享受的影響,以及它們在促進兒童和成人健康飲食行為方面的潛力。除了味道,訊號還包括氣味、質地、味道和外觀——這是最初的食物訊號,因為我們的眼睛提供了我們與潛在食物的第一次接觸。

odor

odor/odour 表示“

氣味;

臭味

”,英文解釋為“

a smell, especially one that is unpleasant

”,如:

a foul/musty/pungent odor 難聞的氣味、難聞的黴味、刺鼻的氣味等。

texture表示“

texture”,英文解釋為“

(摸上去

的)質地,質感,紋理

The texture of something is the way that it feels when you touch it, for example how smooth or rough it is。

如:

the soft textur

e of velvet 天鵝絨柔軟的質地。

Wadhera

and

Capaldi-Phillips

cite prior research in providing some interesting examples of the visual impact of different color schemes on taste and food enjoyment。 They note that pink food on a white plate was

perceived

as sweeter and more flavorful than the same food on a black plate, and hot chocolate in a red cup was rated as more enjoyable than when it was served in a white cup。 Consider this the next time you are served a piece of birthday cake, or over the holidays when you are enjoying warm beverages served in holiday-themed

mugs

瓦德赫拉和卡帕爾迪-菲利普斯引用了先前的研究,提供了一些有趣的例子,說明不同配色方案對味覺和食物享受的視覺影響。他們指出,白色盤子裡的粉色食物被認為比黑色盤子裡的相同食物更甜、更美味,紅色杯子裡的巧克力熱飲被認為比白色杯子裡的更令人愉快。下次你收到一塊生日蛋糕時,或者在假期裡,當你享受節日主題杯子裡的熱飲時,考慮一下這一點。

perceive

1)表示“感知,

察覺,注意到,意識到

”,英文解釋為“

to see something or someone, or to notice something that is obvious

舉個:

He

perceived

a tiny figure in the distance。

他注意到遠處有個很小的身影。

2)

表示“

認為;

看待;

視為

”,英文解釋為“

to come to an opinion about something

, or have a belief about something

”舉個:

How do the French

perceive

the British?

法國人是如何看待英國人的?

《經濟學人》(The Economist)一篇講述比特幣的文章中提到:Scarcity is a trait of many things that

are

perceived

to

have value。 稀缺性正是許多

被視

為有價值的事物共有的特徵。

mug

表示“

(盛熱飲用的)

大杯子

”,英文解釋為“

a large cup with straight sides used for hot drinks

舉個:

I made myself

a large mug of cocoa

(= enough to fill a mug) and went to bed。

我為自己衝了一大杯可可飲料,然後鑽進了被窩。

What about when you are thirsty?

Wadhera

and

Capaldi-Phillips

note that beverages served in blue glasses have been rated as more thirst

quenching

than when served in yellow, red, or green glasses。 Apparently, we consume with more of our senses than we consciously realize。

當你口渴的時候呢?瓦德赫拉和卡帕爾迪-菲利普斯指出,藍色玻璃杯中的飲料比黃色、紅色或綠色玻璃杯中的飲料更能解渴。顯然,我們在吃喝時使用的感官比我們意識到的要多。

quench

quench /kwentʃ/ 1)表示“解渴”,英文解釋為“to drink liquid so that you stop being thirsty”舉個:

When it‘s hot, it’s best to quench your thirst with water。

大熱天最好喝水解渴。

2)表示“撲滅,熄滅”,英文解釋為“to use water to put out a fire”舉個:

The flames were

quenched

by heavy rain。

大雨澆滅了熊熊燃燒的大火。

Quenching,

淬滅

,源於金屬學中的淬火,原意是指快速冷卻,用來防止低溫相變、提高金屬硬度等,還可以用於製備金屬玻璃。在這裡,淬滅表明在熒光過程中,光子產生的數量在很短的時間內衰減或者消失。(百度百科)

So given the rainbow of colors swirling around us when faced with so many

tantalizing

food choices, is there any way to

reign

in our

inclination

to

indulge

? Thankfully, some research says yes。

那麼,考慮到我們周圍彩虹般的色彩,當面對如此多誘人的食物選擇時,有沒有辦法控制我們盡情享用的傾向呢?謝天謝地,一些研究表明是有辦法的。

tantalize

tantalize /ˈtæntəˌlaɪz/ 1)tantalize作動詞,表示“(以可望而不可及之物)逗引,招惹,使乾著急”,英文解釋為“If someone or something tantalizes you, they make you feel hopeful and excited about getting what you want, usually before disappointing you by not letting you have what they appeared to offer。”

如:

the dreams that have so

tantalized them

讓他們可望而不可及的夢想。

2)tantalizing作形容詞,

表示

“逗引性的;挑逗性的”(Something that is tantalizing causes desire and excitement in you, but is unlikely to provide a way of satisfying that desire。)

舉個:

A tantalizing aroma

of roast beef fills the air。

烤牛肉誘人的香味瀰漫

在空氣中。

reign

reign /reɪn/ 1)表示“統治;當政;為王;為君”,英文解釋為“to rule as king, queen, emperor , etc。”舉個:

Queen Victoria

reigned

from 1837 to 1901。

維多利亞女王自1837年至1901年在位。

2)從第一個含義引申出來,可以解釋為“主宰;盛行;成為最顯著的 ”,英文解釋為“to be the most obvious feature of a place or moment”舉個:

C

onfusion reigned

about how the debate would end。

這場辯論將如何結束的問題令人困惑。

寫作裡可以試試這個表達,xxx reigned。 表示某個東西“佔據了主導地位”,既簡潔又高階。當然,要注意主語單複數/可不可數。

At last

silence reigned

(= there was complete silence)。

最後,萬籟俱寂。

電影《黑衣人2》(Men in Black II)中的臺詞提到:We have lived by its word, and peace has reigned throughout our world。 我們一直謹守誡律 和平相處。

顏色會影響食慾嗎?

inclination

1)表示“傾向;愛好;意向”,英文解釋為“a feeling that you want to do a particular thing, or the fact that you prefer or are more likely to do a particular thing”舉個:

My own inclination would be to look for another job。

我個人的意向是另找一份工作。

2)表示“傾角,斜角”,英文解釋為“the angle at which something slopes”。

indulge

表示“

(使)沉溺於;

(尤指)放縱

”,英文解釋為“to allow yourself or another person to have something enjoyable, especially more than is good for you”

舉個:

I love champagne but I don‘t often

indulge myself

我愛喝香檳,但一般都有節制。

Colors Impact Consumption

顏色影響消耗量

Oliver Genschow

et al。

(2012) demonstrated that when it comes to eating less, colors impact consumption。[ii] They specifically researched the effect of the color red, which they note has been shown to prompt avoidance motivation in other

contexts

。 Within the context of eating, they found that people ate fewer

pretzels

when using a red plate, as opposed to white or blue, and drank less from a red cup than a blue cup。 They suggest that the color red reduces food and beverage intake by functioning as

a subconscious stop signal

奧利弗·根肖(Oliver Genschow)等人(2012)證明,當涉及到少吃時,顏色會影響消耗量。[ii]他們專門研究了紅色的影響,他們指出,在其他

情境

下,紅色已被證明會促使人們產生迴避動機。在飲食的情境下,他們發現,與白色或藍色相比,人們在使用紅色盤子時吃的椒鹽脆餅乾更少,並且用紅色杯子比用藍色杯子喝得少。他們認為紅色透過充當潛意識的停止訊號來減少食物和飲料的攝入量。

et al。

表示“以及其他人;等人;等等(et alia的縮寫)”,英文解釋為“abbreviation for et alia: and others。 It is used in formal writing to avoid a long list of names of people who have written something together。”舉個:

The method is described in an article by LR et al。

該方法在LR等人的一篇文章中有所介紹。

context

1)表示“

(事情存在、發生的)背景,環境

”,英文解釋為“the situation within which something exists or happens, and that can help explain it”

舉個:

It is important to see all the fighting and bloodshed in his plays

in historical context

結合歷史背景解讀他戲劇作品中所有的爭鬥和流血事件,這點很重要。

2)表示“

上下文;語境

,英文解釋為“

the text or speech that comes immediately before and after a particular phrase or piece of text and helps to explain its meaning

補充:

out of context

表示“

脫離上下文

”,英文解釋為“

If words are used out of context, only a

small

separate

part

of what was

originally

said or written is

reported

, with the

result

that

their

meaning

is not

clear

or is not

understood

舉個:

The reporter took my remarks completely

out of context

記者引用我的話完全是

斷章取義

電影《鋼鐵俠2》(Iron Man 2)的臺詞中提到:You do understand that reading a single paragraph out of context does not reflect 。。。 你知道,如果脫離上下文只讀一段是不能體現。。。Listen buddy, it’s easy to misunderstand something when you hear it out of context。 如果你聽到的東西脫離了上下文就很容易產生誤解。

顏色會影響食慾嗎?

電影《凱文怎麼了》(We Need to Talk About Kevin)

臺詞

中提到

顏色會影響食慾嗎?

電影《三代人》(3 generations)

臺詞

中提到

:This is not helpful, you can‘t take things out of context。 這樣做沒用,你不能斷章取義。

顏色會影響食慾嗎?

pretzel

pretzel /ˈpret。səl/ 表示“椒鹽捲餅;椒鹽脆餅乾”,英文解釋為“a hard salty biscuit that has been baked especially in stick or knot shapes”

They note, however, that their study examined the impact of the color red as part of the environment, not as the color of the food or beverage consumed。 And query whether a red plate full of peanut MnMs would have produced the same results as the pretzels。

然而,他們指出,他們的研究將紅色作為環境的一部分而不是所食用的食物或飲料的顏色進行了研究。並對裝滿巧克力豆的紅色盤子是否會產生與椒鹽捲餅相同的結果表示疑慮。

Colorful Meal Plans

Seasoned

With Sensibility

豐富多彩的膳食計劃與感官調味

Instead of

donning

a pair of sunglasses to mute the appetizing hues of food cues, consider the value of discipline。 Healthy eating involves intentional choices, not mindless responses to

sensory stimuli

與其戴上一副太陽鏡來掩蓋食物誘人的色彩訊號,不如考慮自律的價值。健康飲食涉及有意識的選擇,而不是對感官刺激的盲目反應。

season

熟詞僻義,作動詞,表示“

給…調味,加調料於

”,英文解釋為“

to improve the flavour of savoury food by adding salt, herbs, or spices when cooking or preparing

it

舉個:

Drain the rice, stir in the salmon and

season

to taste

(= so that it has the taste you like)。

把米飯瀝乾,拌入鮭魚,然後根據個人口味加入調料。

don

表示“穿戴上”,英文解釋為“to put on a piece of clothing”舉個:

He

donned

his finest coat and hat。

他穿上了他最帥的外套,戴上了他最好的帽子。

美劇《權力的遊戲》(Game of Thrones)中的臺詞提到:My father has

donned

the ancient crown of salt and rock 我父親已戴上海鹽與磐石的古老王冠。

顏色會影響食慾嗎?

And before you invest in a fleet of red

tableware

to

trim down

, remember that what goes onto those plates is much more important。 A lovely slice of red velvet cake can fit onto

a red plate

as easily as

a head of lettuce

albeit

with drastically different sensory and nutritional value。 And no doubt hot chocolate looks better in a red mug than herbal tea, although it probably tastes much better in a mug of any color。

在你購買一大堆紅色餐具來控制飲食之前,請記住,放在盤子裡的東西要重要得多。一塊誘人的紅天鵝絨蛋糕可以像生菜一樣輕鬆地裝在紅色盤子裡——儘管其感官和營養價值截然不同。毫無疑問,熱巧克力在紅色杯子裡看起來比草藥茶更好,儘管它在任何顏色的杯子裡嚐起來都可能更好。

tableware

表示“餐具(總稱)”,英文解釋為“the knives, forks, spoons, plates, glasses, etc。 used for meals”

trim down

表示“

(使)變小;縮減

”,英文解釋為“

to become smaller in size; to make sth smaller

舉個:

Using the diet he’s trimmed down from 90 kilos to 70。

透過控制飲食,他的體重從90公斤減到了70公斤。

albeit

albeit /ɔːlˈbiː。ɪt/ 表示“

儘管;

雖然

”,英文解釋為“

although

舉個:

He finally agreed,

albeit

reluctantly, to help us。

儘管勉強,他最後還是同意幫助我們。

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顏色會影響食慾嗎?